Internal-combustion engine



May 10 1927.

1,628,442 B. c. STICKNEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 31, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIGJ \\\\\'\ I 5a 56 F 7p,- E U ml "May 10 5. STICKNEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Qct. 31, 1923 l/////////W/Il//////////4////,////K INViINTOR May 10 1927.

B. c. STICKNEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 31. 1923 4. Sheets-Sheet 3 .Vv/v//////// 4 /f/ ////////Y///////////l//////////////A/////////f/VflfIl/fI/A/I/I/Jf/l/I/I/ Q ///////.l an

Patented May 10, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BUBNHAM C. STICK'NEY, OF RUTHERFDRD, NEW JERSEY.

INTERNAL-COIVIBIJ'STION ENGINE.

Application filed October 31, 1923. Serial No. 671,853.

This invention relates to rotary valve mechanism for internal combustion and other engines.

It is sought to produce an organization which minimizes or avoids the objections which are usually found in rotary valves, including friction and binding and seizing of the valve, which may be due to unsupported pressure at the explosion stroke, orto unequal heating and expansion of the valve and its seat, or other causes. I

Another. feature is the provision of improved means for quickly opening and quick ly closing intake and exhaust ports in combastion chamber and valve chest, and to provide for a much enlarged capacity of the ports as compared with those usual in rotary valve engines.

Another feature is in the nature of an improved organization whereby the speedot' the valve may be reduced, to minimize triction, while the valve retains its full capacity.

Another feature is the provision of improved means for cooling the valve and seat; another feature relates to the general construction of. the engine head; and still an other feature relates to an improved mount ing for the spark plug.

The improvement is in the nature of a shutter comprising complementary oppo sitely-revolving ported shells or elements, one fitted within the other to form a composite shutter or valve, which fits around the cylindrical wall of a valve seat or ported explosion chamber; said composite shutter or valve also fitting within a ported casing or valve chest. The intake and exhaust ports of both the seat and the chest are all controlled by the one composite valve.

The valve completes one cycle of movements for each two cycles of the engine; that is, each valve element revolvesonce for each tour revolutions oi": the crank-shaft.

The organization includes opposite intake ports in the valve seat, and also opposite exhaust ports. Each valve shell has two intake ports and two exhaust ports; and all of the ports are timed so that the charge is admitted at both sides of the valve chest simullaneously "from two manifolds; and all of the exhaust ports in each set are opened simultaneously todliscliai'ge into manifolds. During one half ot a revolution the composite valve operates for intake, compres sion, explosion and exhaust; and during the second half of the revolution it repeats said operations.

Owing to the duplication of the intake ports, each one may he made of halt normal size, and the same'is true of the exhaust ports. The ports in the valve seat are made as small as possible consistently with other requirements, in orderto reduce the pressure and heat of the exploding gas upon the inner valve. The valve is pressure balanced, the intake ports being diametrically oppo site from each other in the valve seat, and the same being true of the exhaust ports. Preferably the intake in each side oi the innervalve shell is in vertical alignment with ts exhaust port, so as to leave large unperiToi-ated body portions of the shell for withstanding the shock of explosion. As the in take and exhaust ports are preferably in vertical alignment in the valve shell, the intake port may immediately follow the exhaust port in the valve seat, as will presently be explained.

The composite valve has the characteristic of automatically expanding and contractmg its intake and exhaust ports. The intake port in the valve seat is opened by the shutter-like expansion of the composite in take port in the valve, and it is closed by the shutter-like contraction of said composite intake port; and the exhaust port in the seat is thereupon opened by the expansion of the exhaust port in the composite valve, and then closed by the contraction of said com posite exhaust port in the valve.

The expansion and contraction of the com posite valve ports are rapid. Moreover, the valve seat ports may be made of double the angular extent usual in single-shell rotary valves. All of the advantages of balanced pressure, rapid opening and closing and great capacity of the combustion cham-- ber ports, are thus secured by a single simple organization.

Friction, binding and seizing are mini-- mized or eliminated, by overcoming the unequal heating and expansion of the composite valve and its mounting. The valve seat orexplosion chamber, around which the valve fits, is hollow walled, and water is circulated therein from the engine head and thence to the usual radiator, so that overheating of the composite valve is. avoided,

and hence the parts: oi? st id valve uni ho closely titted togret'he and to the attatioi'iarv ported ineinhersi. l lince the water lows helween the inner walla o! the explonion chanr her and tho compooite valve. the latter hut little exposed to heat, and its teniperaturo mav therefore he kept moderate by contact with the rooled i'alla ol the valve seat and valvr cheat. 'lhe latter ii: prolorahlv intearal with the neat. an annular well. heinol ormrd het'u'een them in which thov conipoaitc val'vo rotates".

'lhe water prcteri' lily admitted from the onninr jacacl' to a water spat-o in tho detacln ahle engine head. and l'rom thia space the water pan. in divided streams upwardly lartweeu the walls at the hollow valve seats and HUIMSIS over lhetops ol. said seats: and

then downwardh hctweon the walla to a water course provided on the oppoado side oi the Marine head. and. thence to the radiator: although, ll donirrd. the direction 0i wator may he reversed, panning it lirnla through the 'valvo rcatr-u then through the v aler -jackets ol' the engine cylinders and. thenrc througigh the radiator.

'lhe dotachal'ile head ol' the engine coinpriaeo prel'nr; hlv a hollow or hon-lilo: haae forming a vvater-iarlmt; which is in continuuication with tho water iaelmt or jackets of the engine lilocli. and in alno in communication throuu'h the hollow walls ol the explouion rhamhcra with the radiat'ori thus occurinu uni'lormljv low heat oi the valves and anaociated part: for the various engine nylindern .t leaturo oi the invention is the use ol a ninnle ranting tor the dotzn-hahlo engine lira l the row of valve chcatsi the doniedilio valvr natn within said rrheats Forming the exploaion chamhcrs and prelerahlp also the inl'al; and exhaust inanilolds hetiwecn which the row ol valve cheats extcnda: tltll valve cheat opening into the manil olds on itn oppoait'o sides.

tlt'hor l'oaturcs and :ulvanhures will hon inaller appear.

in the acctunpanvihll drawings or diagrains,

l ip'uro l. in a sertional l'ront olevation t'alren through the engine cylinder, engine heath valv and aim: scat.

l ip ure E3 porapectivo diagram at the inner valve shell.

l iaurc l in a sectional plan taken through the opra-r portion oi the valve cheat.

l i n'uro -lin a perspective diagram oi the outer valve shell.

l igrure I; is a part-aeetional hot'tom view o! the cnpgine head and the valve chesta the valves being omitted.

l inurc ti a loinziitmlinai 11arlt-oectional elevatirm, ahowirur the Ullfllll!) cylinders, enginev hoad. valvo chestn, valvea inaniiolds, etc.

'l igure is: a aectzional plan talmn through fl (i ll El 3- 1 the upper pin'iions of the valve chests and the intake, manifolds.

Figure a is a sectional plan taken through the lower portions ol the valve cheats and the exhaust: nnnii'lolds.

l iuurcn t) to l2 arc diagramsv showing the various iionitionn or movements of the shclls which compose a single valvo. liigurcs t) and It) show tho intake ports (at: the upper portion oi tho valve), and l 'itrurea Ill and 1.2 show the exhaust? ports (at; the lower por tion oi the same valve). Finru'o S shows the I o---itious at tho parta at the hcginnings ot the tour piston strokes forming ach o'l. tho tn'o ovrlrn ol' movement that aro completed at each revolution ol. the valve. Figure it) shows tho correnpomling positions at tho midway points of the piston strokes. .l iguro it rorrea muds with Figure 9, (Except that; Figure ll shown the exhaust ports; and Figure it! corresi'aonda with l igrure l0, oxcept that it :1l:-o shows tho exlnmst; port's.

it conventional cngrino hlocfk comprises a multiplicity of vertical cylinders. and a \vatnriaclwt 21 each cylinder containing tho usual pinion (not shown). Upon tho cylinder hlock thcro may he attached, as by holtis an engine head 25} oonnn'ising in its hareo portion acpar: trd water spaces or courses ill, overlying the cvliudor block. This huge portion of tho engine lwad is a hox-lilzo nt'rnrt'urc extending the length oi the engine hea l. The water apar'o :2 co]mnunicatlea hy passages it; with water spaces 2' in tho enfgflilt? hloclr. no that the cooling water which is pumpod into the cnpino hlock may flow up through tho manages 26 into the engine head, on no way harl; to the radiator.

lrelerahlv not into aral with the engine head 23 in a series ot croot ported domes 'l'orminn 'alvo aeata each eoi'lt'aining a romhustion clnuuher (ohlongr in cross-sootion) which ma ii-omprino uppe, and lower portions :9!) and 3d: the nppcr portion being closed at its upper end lrv a top plate at: 31. and. the lower portion hiring opened at; its lower end into the engine cylinder; thorn lacing one comploto crunlmstion chaluher (or gas conduit} "for each cylinder.

Fitted around oarh ol the ovlindrical valivo seats in 1 pair oi. oppositely rotat inu' turret-like ported colnploinrn tar valve portions in tho 't'orin o'l interio and exterior nentod Shells 3L 3 The inner shell or valvo }i|ortion Iii tits closely to tho aurtaco of the evlindric: l valve seat 3th and tho outer valve portion or shell ll; lila closely around said inner shell 3:3. 'lho outer valve shell 33 also tits elosel within a port'cd enclosure, houw inn", casinoor chest .ll, which may ho of cylindrical inner contour and ot any suitahle extorior 'lorin. Ncilher of these revolving shells h v itFcl'l servers as a complete valve. hut: each works cooperatively with the other to open the fixed ports and than to ltlfi till close them. Any port of the explosion chamber may be closed partly by one shell and partly by the other. The oppositely rotating shells are therefore complementary one to the other, making a single complete rotary valve which is insert-ed like ashutter between the ported valve seat and, the ported valve chest. The complete valve therefore is in the nature of a pressure-ind- "anced revolvii'ig shutter fitting between the lixed ported outer and inner walls of the chest, and having automatically expanding and contracting ports for rapidly opening and rapidly closing the double-size or capacious inner and outer lixed ports. Owing to such port expansion and contraction, each tixcd port in chest and chamber is opened or closed at twice the angular speedof either valve shell. The complenicntarv shells lit down in a ported annular well on, which is formed in the general casting, Figures IL and (l.

The complementary valve shells preferably form inverted cups or tubes nested the one closely within the other. Certain features of the invention may be practiced by using forms other than cylindrical for the nested valve shells surroumling the explosion chan'lber within the valve chest; but,

where cylinders are employed, they may comprise disk-like tops 36 and 1-37 integral.

respectively with the valve shells. These tops may serve to support the shells and prevent the lower gas-tight edges thereof from wearing away; and they may also aid in preventing leakage, and also serve to connect. the valve shells with bearing hubs 2'38, 39 of relatively small diameters.

Each of the valve shells makes one revolution to each four revolutions of the crankshaft, and for this purpose the shells in. each pair may be connected up to rotate in opposite directions by means of any suitable gear train, as, for example, by the use of sprocket chains 4-0, a l connected to the crank-shaft (not shown) wheels 42, 4;) on shafts 44:, 4C5, the latter extending along the set of valve chests. These shafts 44- and 4.4) may each make one revolution to two revolutions of the crank-shaft. Shaft H may carry helical pinions 4L6 to mesh with helical gears a? on the outer valve shells 33, and shaft lf) may carry helical pinions 48 to mesh with gears 49 on the hubs in) of the inner shells 32; whereby each valve shell may make two revolutions to each revolution of the associated pinion shaft.

The inner shell 32 is provided, preferably at its upper portion, with diametrically opposite intake ports 50, 51; and the outer or companion shell 33 is provided with corresponding intake ports 52, 53. These four ports 50 to 53 open at the same time to admit the charge to opposite valve-seat ports 54., 55, which form continuations of ducts 56,

about degrees in extent.

and running over sprocket,

57 extending from intake manifolds 58,!39 on opposite sides of the row of valve chests. The ports may all be limited in angular extent, inasmuch as they all open simultaneously. The speed of valve opening and closing is rapid, notwithstanding the desirable slow revolution of each valve shell. The composite valve moves from closed position to wide open position in of a revolution of the crank shaft. Thus the valve is wide open at about midway position of the piston.

At its lower portions each inner valve shell is provided with opposite exhaust ports (50, (51,-and. each outer valve shell with opposite exhaust ports (52, (33; the exhaust ports being suitably timed for a tcycle engine. In the inner shcll the exhaust ports at each side may be in vertical alignment with the intake ports, while in the outer shell the exhaust ports may be separatedby 90 degrees from the intake ports. The cylindrical valve seat has opposite exhaust ports 64, 65, be neath its intake ports, and prefe ably separated at) degrees therefrom, although, if desired, they may be in vertical alignment therewith, provided. the ports in the valve shells be correspondingly placed or thned. The ports (34-, are continuations of ducts (36, 67 leading to opposite manifolds 68, 69,

between which the row of valve chests extends. The manifolds at each side are preferably contiguous, for heating the charge, and the exhaust manifolds are preferably well. separated from the valve chests to avoid overheating the latter. It is not essential that the inner valve shells revolve all .in the same directioin'so long as they revolve oppositely from the outer valve shells.

Each port in the engine head may be about 4.5 or less degrees in extent, and the same may be true of each port in each valve shell. The valve-shell ports are illustrated as each The exhaust ports (34-, (i5 in'nnediately precede the intake ports 5-1, around the valve seat. \Vhen the :tollowing edges of the exhaust ports (it), (31, 62, 65) in the oppositely revolving valve shell approach and finally reach the middle of the opposite exhaust ports 64, 65 in the valve seat (thereby co-operatively shutting the same). the leading edges of the intake ports 50, 51 begin to separate from the lead ing edges of intake ports 52, 53, and hence co-operate in the manner of shutters to open the intake ports 54, 55 in the valve seat or explosion chamber. Thus the closing of each explosion-chandler port occurs at the middleline thereof by the co-operation of the complementary inner and outer valve shells or shutters, and simultaneously. the opening of the intake ports in the explosion chamber'may begin at the middle lines thereof. by the co-operation of said valve shells.

At Figure 3 there are shown diagrammatis luu vllG

eally the positions of the valve shella about midway ot the intake stroke of the platen. the intake ports heinofully open. The inner shell -32 is turning to the right. while the outer ahell fill turningto the left. so that the ports will he elosed h v' movement of eaeh shell to an extent of 22 4 detz reea at whieh time the leading edges of ports 50, Til. will eoineide with or overlap the leadingedge.' ot ports 523. In this view. it will he understood that the exhaust; ports in the inner shell 32 (moving to the right) have jun-t passed the exhaust ports (ll. (35 in the valve seat: and exhaust ports 62. (32, in the outer shell 33 (moving to the let't) have also juat pasaed said valve seat ports.

in the diagrannnatie plan at Figure. '7. the line of llllHl'tlllllllljl' valve. cheats at is shown in net-lion through the lixed intake ports Fi-l. Fifi. The tour eheats are marked A. ll. C. I). At A the intake ports at. 55 are closed hy the hody or sides of the inner valve shell 32. lo eaeh ot' the engine e \,'linder it will he underatood that the pistons are enppoed to he ahout n|idwa of their s'irokea: the piston an: aoeiated with ehest A. heine; midway ol its explosion stroke.

The piston aaaoeiated with ehe -1t ll understood to he ahout niidwav oi its ernuprew aion stroke. In this the inlet poi-11 Fri. 55 are closed.

In ehest the lfitll'li-E; ft. in) are aleo eloeed. the piston heine; midway oi the exhaust stroke; the order oil? tiring being: A, ll. l). (i.

In eheat I) all of the intake ports' are fully open. the piaton heing midway of its intake stroke.

Figure 8 also shows; diagrainn'iatieallv a planet the ehests A. ll. D. in a section taken through the exhaust porta (i-l, (55. The valve shells are here seen in the name posi- (ions as in the upper row of eheeta. The up per row thua shows the intake ports, and the lower row the exhaust porta ol the same alve shells and cheats. In the lower row it will he seen that at A. It and I) the exhaust ports til- ()5 are eloaed. while at C all of the exhaust ports are open: exhaust taking plaee through cheat while chest. l) is taking: in a new eharge.

Figure 5'? l-lllUWS diae'ra:nmatieallv sneeea- HlYt pofiit'iona ol the intake portaso. at and 52. Fill in the oppositely revolving inner and outer valve shells or elements ill Iii-l. The stationary explosion ehamher or valve seat: is indieated at it}, oppositely ported at al 535. There are shown sneeeseivelv in the lirat four dialtrama (while *aeh valve shell inakea one-hall ot a revolution) the poeitions ol the ealne valve ahells at the beginnings of the piston strokes for intake. eoinpresaion. explosion and exhaust. lfn every eaee the intake ports 54-. 55 are elosed; said ports hei115]; shown as about to he opened at the lirst diagram in this figure, and as having just Lana-l eloaed in the second diagram, and as remaining cloned in the next two diagrams. At this stage the shells have each made half of a revolution. In the next: tour diagraniis the (meration is similar, the shells eaeh eoinpletinn one revolution.

ln l i nu'e it) the positions of the same revolving valve shel s or elements (JUL'I'QSPOIHl with those at Figure 0. except. that in Figure lt) the valve elements are shown in the positions that they ooeupy when the piston midway o'l' its; reag aartive strokes. The \alve'seat intake ports at, are fully opened in the lirat. and li'tth diagrzuun. and eloaed in the rernainiiu diagrams.

in all oi Figures 9 to 12, the same oomph-n mental-v valve shelh: are shown, l igg'ures t) and to showing the intake porta in said sheila. and l i enre:v It and .lil .i'howing' the or} hallst ports in the same shells. Figures ll and 1; also ahow the exhaust porta- 64;, (S5 in the name valve seat 2h that. seen at Figures 9 and lo. h aid exhaust ports are shown at .l ioure ll (whieh shows positions at? the he einnine a oi the ntrolzeaol? the piston) as alwave elosed: the oppositely revolving valve sheila Iii and il i having just reached their (losing posi'tiona in the first; and liftih diagrains. and being; just: about to opelrsaid. ports iii-t. on in the fourth and eighth diagrams.

in l iggure t2 the positions of the parts are the same as at l 'i e'ure 11. except that; Figure 112 allows the valve Shells miduav ot' the reapeetive atrokea of the piston; the (Xlltlllh'l porta ol the valve seat 28 being fully opened in the Fourth and eighth diagrams and eloeed in the remaining diagrams.

To halanee the pre.--=aure upon the inner valve shell -52. which sustains the shoe]; of explosion, the seat ports to. 51 are placed diametri' allv oppo-ote iaeh other. and the same ia true ol neat ports (ll. ($3. This avoids the tendenov ol the preeauro upon the valve eauaed h v eoinpi,-es:-:ion and .XPlOSlOH to (ftlllF-Tt' 'l'rietion hetween the valve shell 32 and adjaeent parts. Moreover. as heat seen at- Figrure 2. the lower ports (3t). (31 in the shell ma pret'erahlv oeenpv the same angular poaition as the upper porte 5t), 51 therein, ao as to avoid undue weakening of the shell, that is. to permit t(J]'lf-l(l(.l'tllllG side area. thereol hetween the ports to remain in unperliorated eondition. wherehy they are fitted. to withstand the nliot'kn; theae uneut portions heing. moreover. rn-elerahlv eonIu-a'ted by ribs To that are lel'l in the shell. hetween upper and lower ports.

This shell is also sititiened at. its lower end h v an integral eoinplete ring: 71. The outer valve shell 33 is lluah with the exterior of said ring. 353 heine' eoiaeapondingly shorter than 32. and said ring filling the bottom of the well. 35. The shell 32 is stiffened at its upper portion by the integral disk or a single explosion chamber.

cap 36, preferably integral with the shell, and also by the upper 'unpert'orated portion '32" of the shell, which extends much higher than the valves. The siiell further stillened by the integral hub portion 38 extending above said cap 36. r

Each of the valve seats may be hollow to provide water spaces 72, T3. Each of these water spaces may bebounded partly by the tubular body portion of the valve seat or dome, and partly bv transverse internal walls TL-75.. The latter define a diametrical passage which connects the ports 5e, in the upper portion oi saidvalve seat. In the lower portion of saidvalve seat the lateral water spaces are .bounded by walls 76. which form a tliznnetrical passage directlyconnecting the. ports 64t, 65 in said valve seat. These upper and lower gas pus sages are in opencominiinication, forming Figure 3; and the lower gas passage terminates at the bottom of the engine head and opens directly at 30 into the engine cylinder 20. These walls, passages and water spaces maybe otherwise formed within thescopc. of the invention. For example, the ports might be placed in vertical aliann'ient with the ports 64:, G5 in the valve seat, whereby the transverse ,eas passages would also be made to coincide. making a straight explosion chamber; but, by following the preferred arrangement, shown at Figure 3. it becomes practicable to have the upper and lower ports in vertical alignmentin the outer shell at Figure 2. which isa more desirable construction for sustaining the shock of explosion, without incurring, the neces sity of unduly the shell 32. r

The water spaces 72, '73 extend thetull height of each valve seat or dome. and each is open at its bottom, while at its top each water space is in communication with'the other above the top plate 31. of thetubular or dome-like valve seat. l lcans is provided for causing the water in space 2 to flow up through one water space in the dome and down through the other water space to t increasing: the thickness of no water passage 25 onits way to the radiator. in order to secure this circulation, the-water spaces at one side ofthe engine may be partitioned oil" from the engine head by means of a plate 77, of suitable contour, secured to the bottom of the engine head by screws 78, Figure 5; while the water space 27 on the other side or" the engine is open through passages into the general water course 24:

in the engine head. From 241 the ater tiows up through. each otthe water spaces 73 and across through the annular water space 78 surmounting the valve seat or dome, and then down through the'opposite *water space 72 into the water cour e 25, and

thence through outlet 79- to the radiator.

endwalls 82 of ventedmit the described circulation of the water pre'ierably by the. use of suitable integral partitions 8U, Figure 5, connecting the valve chests. and integral partitions 81 extending from the end valve chests to the adjoining the engine headbox 2?. Thus the water may ,tlow inseveral streams from the water course Qet into the water course 25, and the valve, seats are cooled and overheating. o'r-the valve shells is also pre- Thus the combustion chamber 28, Ti, T5, TGpm-aybe termed with a ater-jacket arranged interiorly of the valve; that is, the chamber may be .douhlenvall-ed and doubletopped,v forming the described water spaces, all of which are in open communication with the main water space in the enginehead.

Thus the water passing up from the engine block may flow. along the engine head, and pass up and then down through the hollowwalled. combustion chamber, and escape through the outlet '79, whereby the valve seats are protected from exposure to flame and are-keptrelatively cool; the difference of temperature and hence the extent of relative expansion of the inner and outer revolving shells, as well as off the valve seats and the valve chests 34-, being minimized or practically eliminated. so that liability of binding or trictionot the. nested complementary valve shells may be reduced to a negligible point. i

. A. spark plug 83 may he screwed into a central hollow bossS l, rising from the valve seat or dome, its central compartment or opening extending into theexplosion cham her; (his boss being cooled'hy the wateiyancl the sparks being formed in the upper part. of the explosion. chamber. which forms the path of the incoming charge of tuel, which at this point is mixed but little, or not at all, with the residuum ot' the previously exploded charge, thus favoring, ignition.

The boss 84': may serve as a bearing for the hub 38 ot the inner valve shell; and said hub 38 may serve as a bearing for the hub 39 of the outer valve shell. The operating gears fixed to these valve shells maybe located about in the planes of said hubs. so that the shells may be driven with a minimum of friction.

A single plate-86, integral with the engine head mayserve tor the tops of the water courses 24, 2:") '(or the top of the engine head) and for the bottoms of the exhaust manifolds 68,69: and an integral plate 87 may term the tops of the intake. manifolds 5S, and the tops 31 of the valve seats, and may also serve as the floor of a gear box, the latter also comprisingsides 88 and ends 89, which have hearings for the shafts 44:, 45.

lit)

till

One of the aiflvantages of the invention, as to certain of its features, that a single inexpensive and compact casting may include the double- *alled combustion chamliiers 538, 74, a ill, the *alve chests or castings ill, and the hollow or hox-like engine head 523, as well as intake manifolds'et it and exhaust mani 't'olds (18, (it): the line of upstanding valve chests ill extending hetaveen these manifolds. which have passages to the oppoaile sides ot the alve chests. Each t'UD'llJHSl lUll chamher, althoi'lgh of relati vel large exterior diameter, may still accommodate a valve of relatively small diameter, as compared with the engine cylinder. llt Will be ueen that the cl'nnposite valve may turn in stationary bearings, and may be simple, light and inexpensive, and capable of being readily asseinhled and disassembled: and the bearings as I'll as the valve shells themselves may he closely and smoothly titted and inexpensive. All of the inlet and exhaust ports may he ol rela' tively large eapacity, giving: maximum etliciemjv to the engine, while the length of the cranlvslnrl't need be no greater than called for by the engine cylinders, which may he of small diameter and closely packed. Instead of a single casting, the device may he made of several parts if desired.

The inner of the tubular Walls 25 of the valve seat may rise in the term of an oblong eolumiillil directly from the lloor plate 9.) ol? the engine head, that is, from disk-like poi tions ltltl integral with the floor plate and :lorming bases for said valve seats and opening into the explosion chambers at 30. The valve ehests Ill may rise ttrom the top plate 86 ot' the engine head, the spaces between said tubular walls: :28 and the chests ll. together with the annular spat-es 101 ahove the valve s eats, il orn'i ng water courees. which open inom the course :24: and deliver into the COLUSU The :annula r water space ,ltll is formed hy an extension 102 olthe valveiat or dome 312. said extension having: a cap 11) and having the control eompartment containing spark plug '83, and opening at the lmtitoi'n into the explosion chainher or gas passage,

Oil may he provided from any suitable souritre, enterii through a pipe having mit'lets 91. from "which the oil may drop upon the hubs oi? the groans ill, and may lloiv into passages 92 formed in the hosts S-l. said passages exttmding downwardly and then radially oi the hose at 95 to the exteriors ol' the valve emits, \vherehy the latter are luhricaterl. The supply of oil may he snilicient to cause it to accumulate in the hottom of the gear box, and from thence it may illow in- Wardly through pas, 0* ill; in the valve chests, to luhricate the or ieriors oil? the shells 33; and it may also flow through passages 97 in said shells, to lubricate their interiors.

Any o ther sui tahle luhrica ting means may he provided. The gear box may be provided with a pair of covers 98, resting upon t hetop ot the hex, and each separately removal'ile \vithtmt dieturhiup the spark plugs, which extend up between said covers To guard against; loss of compression, the inner valve shell 32 may be pressed vlonin- \vardly by means of a lea'l spring 105, aecured at one end, upon the gear ll), and at its tree end pressing upnuirdly in a uircuml'erenlii: l groove llltl -iormtul in the stationary hoes Sll, so that there is a constant: downward spring; p issurer causing the bottom of the valve ring ill to press down upon the hot tom oi. the well 1 35, making it gastiigljht. lllhc spring! may play in a vertical groove it)? in the hub oi the gear. As a further guard against loss, the bottom surlace ol' the ring Tl may he formed with any :Esuitahle munher of grooves 108, of which three are sl'iown, these grooves heinn' a'nnular or extending all arouml the ring: and the ihot'itom oi the Well 35 may he termed with upstanding: an nular rihs 1,09. littinn' closely in the :grooves.

An advantage is derived. by making: thetl ia meter of the valve shells so great. as shown at l iprure that the surface travel of each shell is a'reater, during of its revolution, than the width of the port in the valve seat, whereby the valve port is more prmnplly opened, and may remain open .a longer time, and he more promptly closed. I

Variations may he resorted to within the scope of the invention. and portions oil the llll])lt)V(llltilllfi may he in-zed without others.

l ilavina thus- 1 descrihed In'iy invention. I claim:

1. The combination with a ported explosion chamber or valve seat, of? complement arv ported shells titted one within the other to form a compo--=ite valve lilting around Filitl valve seat, and meana tor contimumsly revolvingr said shells in opposite diver-lions. said composite valve ported coozrdinatelgv with the porting in .aaid seat to town two complete cycles oil operations during each completerm'olutirm ol' the valve. each Fhell heirrg connected to malte mu revolution 'for each four revolutions of the en ri'no-rranle shaft, the valve seat having diamot rieally opposite intake ports and alto tliamel'rioaflly opposite exhauet ports. said intuhe ports heme" in a dill'erent none from the exhaust ports in each ehell and in said valve seat.

2. Phe comhination with a ported exploeion chamber or valve seat. ot complementary ported shells titted one within the other to form a conl 'ioeile valve l'ltinrg around said "alve seat. and means l or continuously revolving: lurid shelle in opposite directions, said composite valve ported eoordinately with the porting in said seal; Io lorm two complete ovclcs of operations during each complete revolution of the valve,

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each shell being connected to make one revolution for each tour revolutions of the en -gine-crank-shaft, the valve seat having diametrically opposite intake-ports and also dian'ietrically opposite exhaust ports, the lat ter imn'i'ediately in advance of the form and the inner shell having its exhaust ports substantially in' alignment with its respective intake ports. I

3. The con'ibination with a ported explosion chamber or valve seat having intake and exhaust ports, of con'iplen'ientary ported shells fitted one within the other to form a composite valve fitting around said'valve seat, and means for continuously revolving said shells in opposite directions, said composite valve ported coordinately with the porting in the seat to form two complete cycles of operations during," cach complete revolution oi? the valve, each shell being connected to make onerevolution for each tour revolutions of the engine-cranlsshaft, said intake ports being in a dilierent zone from the exhaust portsineach vshell and in said valve seat, the intake ports being diametrically opposite in the-inner shell, the exhanst ports being also cdiametrically opposite in the inner shelland respective-iv in vertical alignment with the intake ports, the intake ports in the outer shell being directly opposite each other, and the exhaust ports in theouter shell being also directly opposite each other but separated by about 90 degrees from the intake ports, and the intake ports in the alve seat being directly opposite each other but separated by about 45 degrees from the adjacent exhaust ports.

' 4-; The combination withan' engine heac having an explosion chamber or valve seat having ports, of complentientary ported shells titted one within the other to term a composite valve fitting around said explosion chamber, and' means for continuously revolvingsaid shells relatively to each other, the porting in said seat and valve being coordinated, said engine head having water spaces, and said valve seat or explosion chamber having hollow walls in bottom com munication' with said water spacesfand a water space above said valve seat in communication with said hollow walls, means, including upward and downward channe a, beingprovided for causing water or cooling fluid to flow upwardly at one side oi? the valve seat and across the top thereof and downwardly at the other side of saidvalve seat.

5. The con'ibination oi a detachable engine head having a row of hollow walled ported explosion chambers or valve seats, each valve seat having ports, complementary ported shells fitted one within the other to form avalve titted upon each valve and means to revolve the shells ditlerentiallv. the porting in said valve being coordinated with the porting in said seat, said engine head partitioned to form a water course ateach sidethereot', one of said water courses in the engine head being in bottom commune cation with thehollow wall at one side oft.

each valve seat the other water course being in bottom communication with the hollow wall at the other side of each valve seat,

said hollow walls forming separate water channels in communication with each other above said ported valve seats.

6. The combination of an engine head having a row of channeled hollow walled ported explosion chambers or valve seats, each valve seat having ports, a shell valve fitted upon each valve seat, means to revolve the valve, said engine head partitioned to form a water course at each side thereof, one o't'said water courses in the engine head beingin open communication with the channel in the hollow walls at one side ot each valve seat, the other water conrse being in open communication with the channel in the hollow walls at the other side ol each valve seat, said channels forming water-spaces in comnninication with each other above'said ported valve seats, one

of said side channels being in bottom communication with the water jacket of the ennine cylinders, and a plate partitioning the water course at the other side of the engine head 'lrom thewatcr jacket of said engine cylinderf r '7. The combination of anei'igine head having a row of hollow walled ported explosion c ambers or valveseats, each valve seat haw ing ports, a shell valve titted upon each valve seat, and means to revolve the valves, said engine head partitioned to form a water conrseat each side thereot. said hollow walls iorming separated water channels 'jacketing the opposite sides of each valve seat, and a. water space over the top oil eachvalve seat, connnunicating at the top with both of said chamiels, whereby the cooling fluid may llow upone side ol the valve seat and across the top thereof and down the other side, one of said watercourses in the engine head being in bottom con'nnunication with the channel at one side oi each valve seat, the other water course being in. bottom communication with the channel at the other side of each valve seat.

8. The (IOIIIlLllRhtiOll of an engine headhaving a row of hollow walled ported explosion chambers or valve seats. each valve seat having ports, a shell valve litted upon each valve seat, and means to revolve the valves, said on. inc head partitioned to form a water coarse at each side thereof, said hollow walls forming separated water channels indict 111;! the opposite sides of each valve seat, and a water space over the commnnicating at the top *ith both of said channels, whereby the cooling'fluid may flow top of each valve seat, I

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up one side o l the valve seat and across the top thereot' and down the other side. one of said water ronrecs; in the engine head being in hottoin coininunication with the channel at: one side ot'each valve scat. the other water course heine; in hott'oni counnunication with theehannel at the other side ot each valve seat. all at the water space in said *alve seat heino' encloeed h v the valve.

5). The eonihination with a detachable engine head having a series ol 'alvc seats. each having; ports, of a shell valve titling around each valve seat, nteana tcr revolving said valves chests within which said valves are titted. \ach chest having intake and exhaust port the ports: in each wire coordinattal with the ports in its seat and chest, each valve stat heing hollow walled. means heing provided for causing: the water in the engine head to pass in divided streams itp wardlv hetween the hollow walla ot' all the valve a ale and across over the tops ol" sai'l seats. and downwardly heiween the hollow wall of said seats to a separate water con1- partniei'lt provided in the engine head.

it]. The con'ihination with detachal le engine head having a series oi valve seats each having ports. of a shell valve littin; around inch valve seat. 111011115 rl'or revolving said valves. chests within which said valves are titted. inch chest having: liiltlh't and exhaust ports, the ports in each valve cooivlinated with the ports: in its seat and cheat aicli valve eeat heing hollow walled. means being provided for :ausing, the water in the engine head to pass in divided streams upwardly het ween the hollow walls of all the aim seatsv and across over the tops ot said seats, and downwardlv lietn'ecn the hollow walls of said cats to a separate water coinpart nient provided in the engine head, and a single rastin r comprising the detachable engine head. the valve chests. the hollow-walled and hollow-topped valve seats and the water courses in the engine l1 aid.

ll. The coinhination with a ('letachahle en- ;Iine head lltlYilljQ a series of valve scale. each having ports. of a shell valve tilting around each valve seat. means for revolving said valve chests within which said valves are titted, each chest having intake and exhaust ports, the ports in each valve coordinated with the ports in its seat and chest, each valve seat heine' hollow walled, means being provided tor erasing the water in the engine head to pass, in divided streams upwardly la-t ween the hollow walls ot all the valve seats and at'l'oss over the topa of said seats. and downwardly hctween the hollow walls of said seats to a separate water compartinrnt provided in the engine head. and a single casting comprising; the detachahle engine head the valve chests. the hollow-walled and hollow-topped valve seats and the water courses in the engine head, and also comprising intvalve inanitolde, one at eaeh side 0!? the row of valve cheslfi. and exhaust nianiliolda, one at each side of the row of valve chests.

12. The combination with a detachable engrine head having a series of valve 5 vats, each having ports. ot a shell 'alve litt'iijie' around each valve seat, m ans for revolving said valves, chests; within which said valves are titted, each chest having intake and exhaust ports, the ports in each valve coordinat'od with the ports in its, seat and chesh arch valve seat heino' hollow walled, means heing provided for causing the water in the engine head to pass in divided streams upwardly l-etwcen the hollow walls of all the valve wai s and acroes over the tops of said Seats, and downwardly between. the hollow walls ot said seats to a separate water con1partinent provided in the engine head and a single casting tannprising the detachable engine head, the valve chests; the hollow-wallod and h llowao wied valve seats, and the water cour es in the engine head, and also coniprisiugj intake manifolds,one at each side of the row ot valve chests and exhaustinani- :tolds. one at each side of the row of valve chests and also comprising a gear-box aurniounting the row ot valve eheste.

iii. The conihinatiim ot an engine head having a row of hollovwvalled ported valve seats. each valve seat? having porte, a ported shell valve titted upon each valve seat, and in ans to revolve the valves said enginehead partitioned to form separate water courses, said hollow walls forming separated water channela :lor each valve seat, a water space over the top of each valve seat forming a coinnninication from one of said channe a to the other, whereby the t:oolin, fluid may tlow up one side of the valve seat: and across the top thereof and down the othersi'de, one oil said water courses in the engine head heing in open conunnnication with a channel of *aeh valve seat, the other water course being: in open eonnnnnication with the other channel ot rach valve seat, and a spark plug. {aliasing down through the top Valuer space of each seat.

I l. The combination with an exploaion chainlmr or valve seat havine" ports. of complenu ntiary ported Shells titted one within.

the other to form a eon'ipoaite alve litxtiing around said valve siat and means for coin tinuouslv revolving eaid shells in opposite directions, said composite valve ported eoordinatolv with said scatto t'orin two complete cycles o'l operations during each coinplete revolution of the valve, the inner shell hein r connected to make one riwoilution for each four revolutions oil the cac ine-erankshalt. the intake ports in said valve seat hein placed ahove the exhaust ports therein, and the outer shell heing connected 'l'or rotation relatively to the inner shell.

15. The combination of an engine head it no lat,

hollow walls of said valve seats, said hollow walls forming water spaces in communica tion w1th each other above said ported valve seats, the inner valve shell extending up to surround the water space above said ported'valve seat and having an integral stiffening ring at its bottom edge.

16. The combination with an explosion chamber or valve seat having intake and exhaust ports, of complementary ported shells fitted one within the other to form a composite valve fitting around said valve seat and coordinated thereto, said valve seat having its ports arranged in upper and lower tiers, each port or passage extending transversely through the seat, the walls of said valve seat between the ports being hollow to form water "spaces, a water space above said valve seat to communicate with said'water spaces therein, and means to effect relative rotation of said valve shells.

17. The: combination with an explosion chamber or valve seat having upper intake ports and lower exhaust ports, ofcomplementary ported shells fitted one within the other to .form a composite valve fitting around said valve seat and coordinated thereto, means for continuously revolving said shells in opposite directions, said composite valve ported to form twocomplete cycles of operations during each complete revolution of the valve,'each shell being connected to make one revolution for each four revolutions of the engine-crankshaft, a cross passage form-ing said intake ports in the upper part of the valve seat-, and a cross passage forming said exhaust ports in the lower part of the valve seat, said passages together forming a continuous gas passage or explosion chamber opening down into the enginecylinder. a i

18. The combination with. an explosion chamber or valve seat having upper intake ports and lower exhaust ports, of complementary ported shells fitted one within the other to form a composite valve fitting around said valve seat and coordinated thereto, and means for continuously revolving said shells in opposite directions, said composite valve ported to form two complete cycles of operations during each complete revolution of the valve, each shell being connected to make one revolution for each four revolutions of the engine-crankshaft, a cross passage forming said intake ports in the upper part of the valve seat, a cross passage worming said exhaust ports inthe lower partof the valve seat,osaid passages together forming a continuous gas passage or explosion chamber opening down into the engine cylinder, the walls of said valve seat between the passages being hollow to form water spaces, and a water space being provided above said valve seat to communicate with said water spaces therein.

19. The combination with an explosion chamber or valve seat having upper intake ports and lower exhaust ports, of complementary .ported shells fitted one within the other to form a composite valve fitting around said valve seat and coordinated thereto, means for continuously revolving said shells in opposite directions, said composite valve ported to form two complete cycles of operations during each complete revolution of the valve, each shell being connected to make one revolution for each four revolutions of the engine-crankshaft, a cross passage forming said intake ports in the upper part of the valve seat, and a cross passage forming said exhaust ports in the lower part of the valve seat, said passages together forming a continuous gas passage or explosion chamber opening down into the engine cylinder, said valve seat having hollow walls at the sides of said passages to .form water spaces, and also having a water space surmount-ing said passages and in communication with the side water spaces;

20. The combination with a detachable engine head having a series of ported valve seats,-o1"f a series ofshell valves fittingaround said seats and ported coordinately theree with, means for revolving'said valves, chests within which said valves are fitted, each chest having intake and exhaust ports coordinated with the valve and seat, said valve sets being hollow walled, a water space ,being provided in the engine head, and means to cause the water therefrom to pass in divided streams upwardly between hollow walls of all the valve seats and across over the tops of said seats, and then downwardly between hollow walls of saidseats to a water compartment provided in the engine head, a single casting comprising the detachable engine head, the valve chests, the hollow-walled and hollow-topped valve seats, and the water courses in the engine head, and also comprising intake manifolds, one at each side of the row of valve chests, and exhaust manifolds, one at each side ot the row of valve chests.

21. The combination with a detachable engine head having a series of ported valve seats, of a series of shell valves fitting around said seats and 'ported coordinately therewith, means for revolving said valves, chests within which said valves are fitted, each chest having intake and exhaust ports coordinated with the valve and seat, said valve seats holiow wallecl, a water speee at each side of the row ol iag provided in the engine head, means to cause the water therefrom to pass in divided streams upwardly between hollow walls 01' all the valve seats and across over the tops ol? said seats, and then downwardly between hollow walls of said seats to a water coinpartnlent PIUVldOvl in the engine head, a Single casting comprising the detachable engine head, the valve chests, the hollow-walled and hollow-topped. valve seats, and the water courses in the engine head, and also compr sing intalv'e inani'l'oll'la, one valve chests, and exhaust inani'lolda one at each -aide of the row of valve cheats, a single plate integral with the engine head serving tor the tops ol' the water eonraea therein and for the bottoms; of the exhaust manifolds, and a ainglo integral plate forming the lope ol the intake inanil'olila and the tops of lhe valve aeale.

The winnhii'ialion with an oil ine head having an explosion chamber or valve seat having ports, 01' a ported ahell-valve fitting around said exploaion chamber, and means; :l'or revolving eaid valve, the porting in said seat and valve being coordinated, said engino head having water spaces, and said valve seat or explosion chamber having hollow walls in bottom eonnnimicalion with said water spaces, and a water space above said valve seat in communication with said hollow walls, means, including upward and downward channels, being provided for causing water or cooling fluid to flew upardIy at one side of the valve seat and across the top thereof and downwardly at theother side of said valve seat.

23.; The eon binal'iinl of adetachable engine head havinga row ol'hollow-milled ported explosion chambers or valve scale, each valve seat having ports, a ported shell- 'alve titted upon each *alve seat, and meana to revolve the valvea, the porting: in aaid valve being eoordinaled with the porting in said seat, said engine head liiartitioned to tl'orni a water course at each side thereof, said water courses in bottom communication with the hollow walls of said valve seats,

said hollow walls forming water spaces in connnnnication with each othe above said ported valve seats.

it. The combination of a detachable engine head having a row of hollow-walled ported explosion chan'ibers or valve seats,

each valve seat having ports, a ported shcllvalve fitted upon each alvc seat, and means to revolve the valves, the porting in said. valve being coordimited with the porlingin said seat, said engine head iartitioned to form a water course at each side thereof, one of said water eonraes in the engine head be ing in bottom communication with lhe hollow wall at one side of each valve heal, the other Willtl eonl'e-e being in hottoin co|nnninieation with the hollow wall at the other side at each valve aeat, said hollow walls lorinin r aepavale water channels: in (-onnnnnieation with each other above said ported valve seals.

The combination with an engine head having an ini'liviiilaal water jacket, of a valve seat in said head having); intake and exhale-1t ports, a, ported ehelhvalve surround ing eaid seat, means lor rotating aaid valve, and a cheat within which saiil. valve is fitted, said chest having intake and exlnuistporl's coordinated, with the ports in theseat and valve, said seat heine hollow 'alled, and provision being; made :lor eirenlationvol coolin lilnid to and fl'l'o therethronghfrom one point to another point in said water jacket, aeparate inflo Y and outflow, eon'imnnications lmine open between said jacket and the hollow of said wall;

536. The eoinbiimtioi'i of a row of ported valve seals, shell-valves snrronmling said seals and ]')orted in coordiimtion therewith, means to rotate said valves, and means for cooling said valve SCillh, comprising an en-- mine head upon which said valve heats are carried, said engine head having water eonraea, and means l'or paaaing the water in divided SllOiHllS from one water course up within the valve seats and aei'oss the same and down to the other watm' course.

lineal-nevi ."rioKNEY. 

